This ordeal lasted for about 50 years, and the damage to life and liberty was incalculable. In order to present a portrait of Central Europe, the authors of this work study the history of one of its main cities - Breslau. As the traditional capital of Silesia, Breslau rose to prominence as a trading centre and became one of the great commercial cities of medieval Europe. In due course it became the second city of the kingdom of Bohemia and a major city of the Hapsburg lands. The third largest German city of the mid-19th century, Breslau's population reached one million in 1945, before the bitter German defence of the city against the Soviets wrought almost total destruction. Transferred to Poland after the war, the city has risen from the ruins of the war and is once again a thriving economic and cultural centre of the region. The history of Silesia's main city can be seen as a fascinating tale in its own right, but it is more than that.
It embodies all the experiences which have made Central Europe what it is: the rich mixture of nationalities and cultures; the German settlement and the reflux of the Slavs; a Jewish presence of exceptional distinction; a turbulent succession of Imperial rulers; and the shattering exposure to both Nazis and Stalinists. In short, it is a Central European microcosm.