{"product_id":"the-new-zealand-wars-1820-72","title":"Ian Knight: The New Zealand Wars 1820-72 [2013] paperback","description":"Between 1845 and 1872, various groups of Maori were involved in a series of wars of resistance against British settlers. The Maori had a fierce and long-established warrior tradition and subduing them took a lengthy British Army commitment, only surpassed in the Victorian period by that on the North-West Frontier of India. Warfare had been endemic in pre-colonial New Zealand and Maori groups maintained fortified villages or pas. The small early British coastal settlements were tolerated, and in the 1820s a chief named Hongi Hika travelled to Britain with a missionary and returned laden with gifts. He promptly exchanged these for muskets, and began an aggressive 15-year expansion. By the 1860s many Maori had acquired firearms and had perfected their bush-warfare tactics. In the last phase of the wars a religious movement, Pai Maarire ('Hau Hau'), inspired remarkable guerrilla leaders such as Te Kooti Arikirangi to renewed resistance. This final phase saw a reduction in British Army forces. European victory was not total, but led to a negotiated peace that preserved some of the Maori people's territories and freedoms.","brand":"Knight, Ian \u0026 Ruggeri, Raffaele","offers":[{"title":"New","offer_id":44760228331810,"sku":"9781780962771","price":13.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0616\/4001\/6057\/files\/knight-ian-ruggeri-raffaele-ian-knight-the-new-zealand-wars-1820-72-2013-paperback-9781780962771-1123995709.jpg?v=1738647838","url":"https:\/\/chaptersbookstore.com\/products\/the-new-zealand-wars-1820-72","provider":"Chapters Bookstore","version":"1.0","type":"link"}